Snail Darter
Percina tanasi
About This Fish

The Snail Darter is a federally threatened species found in the middle and upper Tennessee River in Alabama, Tennessee, and Georgia. They live over gravel substrate in riffles and runs of creeks to large rivers. As the common name suggests, Snail Darters eat snails. Snail Darters are perhaps the most infamous member of the darter family due to a long legal battle under the Endangered Species Act to prevent the construction of Tellico Dam due to the presence of this rare fish. While the dam was ultimately constructed, Snail Darters were found in additional localities and have expanded their range in recent decades.

Literature

Shollenberger, K. 2019. Current distribution and habitat use of the threatened Snail Darter (Percina tanasi) in Alabama. Master's Thesis. Auburn University. https://etd.auburn.edu/bitstream/handle/10415/6594/Shollenberger_Thesis.pdf?sequence=2

United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 2013. Snail Darter (Percina tanasi) five-year review: summary and evaluation. Cookeville, Tennessee. https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year_review/doc4136.pdf

Ashton, M.J., and J.B. Layzer. 2010. Summer microhabitat use by adult and young-of-year snail darters (Percina tanasi) in two rivers. Ecology of Freshwater Fish. 19(4):609-617. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00442.x

Ashton, M.J., and J.B. Layzer. 2008. Distribution of the threatened Snail Darter (Percina tanasi) in the upper Tennessee River drainage. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 83(3-4):52-56. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Matthew_Ashton/publication/256445282_Distribution_of_the_threatened_snail_darter_Percina_tanasi/links/00463529cb06f10a41000000/Distribution-of-the-threatened-snail-darter-Percina-tanasi.pdf

United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 1984. Final rule reclassifying Snail Darter (Percina tanasi) from end. species to thr. species & rescinding crit. hab. designation; Final Rule. Federal Registry 49(130): 27510-27514. https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/federal_register/fr854.pdf

United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 1983. Snail Darter Recovery Plan. Asheville, North Carolina. https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/Snail%20Darter%201983.pdf

Hickman, G.D., and R.B. Fitz. 1978. A report on the ecology and conservation of the snail darter (Percina tanasi Etnier).

Starnes, W.C. 1977. The ecology and life history of the endangered snail darter, Percina (Imostoma) tanasi,Etnier. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee. https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3952&context=utk_graddiss

Etnier, D.A. 1976. A new percid fish from the Little Tennessee River, Tennessee. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington D.C. Vol. 88:469-488.