Blackside Dace

Chrosomus cumberlandensis

About This Fish

Blackside Dace are a federally threatened species found in the upper Cumberland River Drainage above Cumberland Falls. Coal-mining activities in this area have caused population declines. Like other members of the Redbelly Dace group, male Blackside Daces develop bright breeding colors in the early spring with yellow fins, a red belly, and a golden back.

Cyprinidae >

Chrosomus

Tennessee (TN), Virginia (VA), Kentucky (KY)

South Fork Cumberland – 05130104, Upper Cumberland-Lake Cumberland – 05130103, Rockcastle – 05130102, Upper Cumberland – 05130101

Literature

Yates, B.L. 2017. Water quality's influence on the occupancy of two jeopardized fishes: the Blackside Dace (Chrosomus cumberlandensis) and the Cumberland Arrow Darter (Etheostoma sagitta) in Northeast Tennessee. Online Theses and Dissertations. 92. https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1115&context=msu_theses_dissertations

Hitt, N. P., M. Floyd, M. Compton, and K. McDonald. 2016. Threshold responses of Blackside Dace (Chrosomus cumberlandensis) and Kentucky Arrow Darter (Etheostoma spilotum) to stream conductivity. Southeastern Naturalist 15(1): 41-61. https://bioone.org/journals/Southeastern-Naturalist/volume-15/issue-1/058.015.0104/Threshold-Responses-of-Blackside-Dace-iChrosomus-cumberlandensis-i-and-Kentucky/10.1656/058.015.0104.short

Hayes, B. 2015. Reproductive Biology of Syntopic Blackside Dace and Southern Redbelly Dace in Two Kentucky Streams. Online Theses and Dissertations. 372. https://encompass.eku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1370&context=etd

Floyd, M.A. 2015. Blackside Dace 5-year review: summary and evaluation. Southeast Region, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Frankfort, Kentucky. https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year_review/doc4641.pdf

Bivens, R.D., B.D. Carter, C.E. Williams, E.M. Scott, D.E. Stephens, V.R. Bishop, and H.T. Mattingly. 2013. New occurrence records of Blackside Dace, Chrosomus cumberlandensis, in the Big South Fork Cumberland River drainage. Southeastern Naturalist (Special Issue 4): 171-176. https://bioone.org/journals/Southeastern-Naturalist/volume-12/issue-sp4/058.012.s410/New-Occurrence-Records-of-Blackside-Dace-iChrosomus-cumberlandensis-i-in/10.1656/058.012.s410.short

Black, T.R., B.K. Jones, and H.T. Mattingly. 2013. Development and validation of habitat models for the threatened Blackside Dace, Chrosomus cumberlandensis, at two spatial scales. Southeastern Naturalist (Special Issue 4): 27-49. https://bioone.org/journals/Southeastern-Naturalist/volume-12/issue-sp4/058.012.s414/Development-and-Validation-of-Habitat-Models-for-the-Threatened-Blackside/10.1656/058.012.s414.short

Black, T.R., J.E. Detar, and H.T. Mattingly. 2013. Population densities of the threatened Blackside Dace, Chrosomus cumberlandensis, in Kentucky and Tennessee. Southeastern Naturalist (Special Issue 4): 6-27. https://bioone.org/journals/Southeastern-Naturalist/volume-12/issue-sp4/058.012.s412/Population-Densities-of-the-Threatened-Blackside-Dace-iChrosomus-cumberlandensis-i/10.1656/058.012.s412.short

Compton, M.C., M.A. Floyd, and D.E. Stephens. 2013. Changes in fish community structure and effects on blackside dace (Chrosomus cumberlandensis) populations following beaver colonization in Davis Branch, Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, Bell County, Kentucky. Southeastern Naturalist (Special Issue 4): 112-128. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42003908

Detar, J.E., and H.T. Mattingly. 2013. Movement patterns of the threatened Blackside Dace, Chrosomus cumberlandensis, in two Southeastern Kentucky watersheds. Southeastern Naturalist (Special Issue 4): 64-81. https://bioone.org/journals/southeastern-naturalist/volume-12/issue-sp4/058.012.s405/Movement-Patterns-of-the-Threatened-Blackside-Dace-iChrosomus-cumberlandensis-i/10.1656/058.012.s405.short

Eisenhour, D.J. and M.A. Floyd. 2013. A culvert acts as a barrier for Blackside Dace (Chrosomus cumberlandensis) movements in Lick Fork, Kentucky. Southeastern Naturalist (Special Issue 4): 82-91. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Eisenhour/publication/262258901_A_Culvert_Acts_as_a_Barrier_for_Blackside_Dace_Chrosomus_cumberlandensis_Movements_in_Lick_Fork_Kentucky/links/5416d5390cf2788c4b35ec08/A-Culvert-Acts-as-a-Barrier-for-Blackside-Dace-Chrosomus-cumberlandensis-Movements-in-Lick-Fork-Kentucky.pdf

Floyd, M. A., S.L. Harrel, A. C. Parola, C. Hansen, J. B. Harrel, and D.K. Merrill. 2013. Restoration of Stream Habitat for Blackside Dace, Chrosomus cumberlandensis, in Mill Branch, Knox County, Kentucky. Southeastern Naturalist (Special Issue 4): 129-142. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42003909?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Mattingly, H.T., and M.A. Floyd. 2013. Conclusions and Future Directions: Ecology and Conservation of the Threatened Blackside Dace, Chrosomus cumberlandensis. Southeastern Naturalist (Special Issue 4): 181-188. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42003914?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Mattingly, H.T, T.R. Black. 2013. Nest association and reproductive microhabitat of the threatned Blackside Dace, Chrosomus cumberlandensis. Southeastern Naturalist (Special Issue 4):49-64. https://bioone.org/journals/Southeastern-Naturalist/volume-12/issue-sp4/058.012.s404/Nest-Association-and-Reproductive-Microhabitat-of-the-Threatened-Blackside-Dace/10.1656/058.012.s404.short

McAbee, K.T., N.P. Nibbelink, T.D. Johnson, and H.T. Mattingly. 2013. Informing recovery management of the threatened Blackside Dace, Chrosomus cumberlandensis, using a Bayesian-belief network model. Southeastern Naturalist (Special Issue 4): 143-161. "https://www.jstor.org/stable/42003910?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Papoulias, D.M., and A.L. Velasco. 2013. Histopathological analysis of fish from Acorn Fork Creek, Kentucky, exposed to hydraulic fracturing fluid releases. Southeastern Naturalist (Special Issue 4):92-112. https://bioone.org/journals/Southeastern-Naturalist/volume-12/issue-sp4/058.012.s413/Histopathological-Analysis-of-Fish-from-Acorn-Fork-Creek-Kentucky-Exposed/10.1656/058.012.s413.short

Rakes, P.L., M.A. Petty, J.R. Shute, C.L. Ruble, and H.T. Mattingly. 2013. Spawning and captive propagation of Blackside Dace, Chrosomus cumberlandensis. Southeastern Naturalist (Special Issue 4):162-171. https://bioone.org/journals/Southeastern-Naturalist/volume-12/issue-sp4/058.012.s409/Spawning-and-Captive-Propagation-of-Blackside-Dace-iChrosomus-cumberlandensisi/10.1656/058.012.s409.short

Scherer, A.E., N. Santangelo. 2013. Assessment of reproductive requirements in habitat conservation efforts: a case study on Blackside Dace (Chrosomus cumberlandensis), a federally listed threatened species. Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences, 71(3), 408-415. https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0404#.XNWJ1BRKgho

Skelton, C.E. 2013. Distribution of Blackside Dace, Chrosomus cumberlandensis, in the upper Tennessee River drainage of Virginia. Southeastern Naturalist (Special Issue 4): 176-181. https://bioone.org/journals/Southeastern-Naturalist/volume-12/issue-sp4/058.012.s411/Distribution-of-Blackside-Dace-iChrosomus-cumberlandensis-i-in-the-Upper/10.1656/058.012.s411.short

Merrill, D.K. 2011. A Post-Restoration Assessment of the Fishes and Macroinvertebrates of Mill Branch, Knox County, Kentucky, with Emphasis on the Blackside Dace (Chrosomus cumberlandensis). Online Theses and Dissertations. 40. https://encompass.eku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1039&context=etd

Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission (KSNPC). 2010. Rare and extirpated biota of Kentucky. Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science 71:67–81. https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-the-kentucky-academy-of-science/volume-71/issue-1/1098-7096-71.1.67/Rare-and-Extirpated-Biota-and-Natural-Communities-of-Kentucky/10.3101/1098-7096-71.1.67.short

Strange, R.M., and R.L. Mayden. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships and a revised taxonomy for North American cyprinids currently assigned to Phoxinus (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae). Copeia 2009: 494-501. https://www.asihcopeiaonline.org/doi/abs/10.1643/CI-07-070

Jelks, H.L., S.J. Walsh, N.M. Burkhead, S. Contreras-Balderas, E. Díaz-Pardo, D.A. Hendrickson, J. Lyons, N.E. Mandrak, F. McCormick, J.S. Nelson, S.P. Platania, B.A. Porter, C.B. Renaud, J.J. Scmitter-Soto, E.B. Taylor, and M.L. Warren, Jr. 2008. Conservation status of imperiled North American freshwater and diadromous ﬁshes. Fisheries 33(8):372-407. https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1577/1548-8446-33.8.372

Black, T. 2007. Population densities and performance of predictive habitat models for the threatened blackside dace (Phoxinus cumberlandensis). Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee.

Black, T., and H.T. Mattingly. 2007. Conservation status of the threatened blackside dace in selected Cumberland River streams. Unpublished final project report submitted to Tennessee Ecological Services Field Office and Kentucky Ecological Services Field Office, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Cookeville, Tennessee and Frankfort, Kentucky.

Skelton, C.E.. 2007. Distribution and status of Blackside Dace (Phoxinus cumberlandensis) and Clinch Dace (Phoxinus sp. cf. saylori) in the Upper Clinch River system, Virginia. Final Report, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Blacksburg, Virginia.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2006. Final Biological Opinion Mill Branch Stream Restoration Project. Cookeville, Tennessee Ecological Services Field Office.

Mattingly, H.T., J.E. Detar, B.K. Jones, and C.F. Walton. 2005. Factors affecting the distribution and recovery of the threatened blackside dace in Kentucky and Tennessee. Unpublished final project report prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Tennessee Ecological Services Field Office. Cookeville, Tennessee.

Strange, R.M. 2005. Genetic variability and relationships of a recently discovered population of Blackside Dace from Rock Creek, McCreary Co., Kentucky. Unpublished report prepared for U. S. Forest Service, Daniel Boone National Forest. Winchester, Kentucky.

Kentucky's Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. 2005. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources.

Strange, R.M. and C.E. Skelton. 2003. Distribution, origin, and taxonomic status of Phoxinus cumberlandensis and Phoxinus sp. cf. saylori in Virginia. Final report. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Abingdon, Virginia. 30 pp.

Roghair, C.N. and J.K. Whalen. 2001. An inventory of stream habitat and blackside dace (Phoxinus cumberlandensis) abundance in the Indian Creek drainage, Daniel Boone National Forest, Kentucky. Unpublished report prepared for U.S. Forest Service, Daniel Boone National Forest. Winchester, Kentucky. 51 pp.

Roghair, C.N., J.K. Whalen, and D.R. Nuckols. 2001. Decreased distribution of blackside dace (Phoxinus cumberlandensis) in the Middle Fork Beaver Creek drainage, Daniel Boone National Forest, Kentucky. Unpublished report prepared for U.S. Forest Service, Daniel Boone National Forest. Winchester, Kentucky. 6 pp.

Johnston, C.E. 1999. The relationship of spawning mode to conservation of North American minnows (Cyprinidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 55:21-30. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Carol_Johnston4/publication/226798589_The_Relationship_of_Spawning_Mode_to_Conservation_of_North_American_Minnows_Cyprinidae/links/53eb9f8d0cf250c89479f061.pdf

Rakes, P.L., J.R. Shute, and P.W. Shute. 1999. Reproductive behavior, captive breeding, and restoration ecology of endangered fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 55:31-42. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Peggy_Shute/publication/263211781_Reproductive_Behavior_Captive_Breeding_and_Restoration_Ecology_of_Endangered_Fishes/links/57e3d63a08ae054b20be1a5d/Reproductive-Behavior-Captive-Breeding-and-Restoration-Ecology-of-Endangered-Fishes.pdf

Eisenhour, D.J., and R.M. Strange. 1998. Threatened fishes of the world: Phoxinus cumberlandensis Starnes and Starnes, 1978 (Cyprinidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 51:140. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1007368526535?LI=true

Laudermilk, E.L., and R.R. Cicerello. 1998. Upper Cumberland River drainage, Kentucky fish collection catalog (1982–1994). Unpublished report prepared for Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission. Frankfort, Kentucky.

Leftwich, K.N., M.K. Underwood, and C.A. Dolloff. 1997. Distribution and abundance of blackside dace in Big Lick Branch, Ned Branch, and Ryans Creek, Daniel Boone National Forest. Unpublished report prepared for U.S. Forest Service, Daniel Boone National Forest. Winchester, Kentucky. 24 pp.

Cicerello, R.R., and E.L. Laudermilk. 1996. Nesting association of the cyprinid fishes Phoxinus cumberlandensis and Semotilus atromaculatus (Cyprinidae). Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science. 57:47.

Leftwich, K.N., M.K. Underwood, and C.A. Dolloff. 1995. Distribution and abundance of blackside dace in Middle Fork Beaver Creek, Daniel Boone National Forest. Unpublished report prepared for U.S. Forest Service, Daniel Boone National Forest. Winchester, Kentucky. 14 pp.

Strange, R.M., and B.M. Burr. 1995. Genetic variability and metapopulation dynamics in the federally threatened blackside dace Phoxinus cumberlandensis (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Unpublished report prepared for Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources. Frankfort, Kentucky.

Chen, X.Y. 1994. Morphology, phylogeny, biogeography, and systematics of Phoxinus (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.

Etnier, D.A., and W.C. Starnes. 1993. The Fishes of Tennessee. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee.

Coburn, M.M., and T.M. Cavender. 1992. Interrelationships of North American cyprinid fishes. In: Systematics, Historical Ecology, and North American Freshwater Fishes, p. 328–373. R. L. Mayden (ed.). Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.

Stephens, D.E. 1991. Monitoring survey of the blackside dace, Phoxinus cumberlandensis, population in Davis Branch, Bell County, Kentucky. Cumberland Gap National Historic Park, Middlesboro, Kentucky.

O’Bara, C.J. 1990. Distribution and ecology of the blackside dace, Phoxinus cumberlandensis (Osteichthyes: Cyprinidae). Brimleyana 16:9-15.

Stephens, D.E. 1990. A status survey of the blackside dace, Phoxinus cumberlandensis, in Davis Branch, Bell County, Kentucky. Cumberland Gap National Historic Park, Middlesboro, Kentucky

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1988. Recovery plan for blackside dace (Phoxinus cumberlandensis). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Atlanta, Georgia. https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/880817.pdf

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1987. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; determination of threatened status for the Blackside Dace. Federal Register 52(113):22580-22585. https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/federal_register/fr1269.pdf

O’Bara, C.J. 1985. Status survey of the blackside dace (Phoxinus cumberlandensis). Unpublished report prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Asheville, North Carolina.

Starnes, L.B., and W.C. Starnes. 1981. Biology of the blackside dace Phoxinus cumberlandensis. American Midland Naturalist 106:360-372. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2425173?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Starnes, W.C. 1981. Listing package for the blackside dace Phoxinus cumberlandensis. Unpublished report prepared for the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Asheville, North Carolina.

Starnes, W.C., and L.B. Starnes. 1978. A new cyprinid of the genus Phoxinus endemic to the Upper Cumberland River drainage. Copeia 1978:508-516. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1443619.pdf?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Starnes, W.C., and L.B. Starnes. 1978. Status report on a new and threatened species of Phoxinus from the upper Cumberland drainage. Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings 2:1-3. https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1181&context=sfcproceedings

Blackside Dace

Literature

IMPORTANT LINKS